Value: 1 “The relative degree of lightness or darkness. 2. The
characteristic of color determined by lightness or darkness, or the
quantity of light reflected by the color. "
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achromatic value — absence of color, revealed by lightness or darkness.
chromatic value — the value of a color (relative lightness or darkness).
• high key value — color with naturally occurring or adjusted value levels from middle gray to white.
• low key value — color with naturally occurring or adjusted value levels from middle gray to black.
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highlight — the spot receiving (reflecting) the strongest amount of direct light.
shadow, shade, shading — a darker value on a surface caused by the interruption of a light source.
cast shadow — a dark area occurring when an object is placed between that surface and the light source.
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local value — the naturally occurring lightness or darkness of an area
independent of the degree of light or shadow falling on it (black and white stripes on a skunk -- even when barely visible at dusk, the tail alerts us to the animal’s potential).
subjective value — value applied to an object or area that is unrelated to the subject or is purely invented.
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chiaroscuro — the illusion created by gradual blending of light and shade.
tenebrism — exaggerated or extreme contrasts of light and dark.
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value pattern — pictorial organization based on the effect of light and dark relationships, creating eye movement and unifying the composition (may be incorporated with decorative or plastic space).
open value composition — values flow across and through shapes into adjoining areas, unrestricted by the edges or boundaries of the images.
closed value compositions — areas of value contained within or limited by contours or the edges of shapes.
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decorative value — emphasizing the flatness/two-dimensional nature or ornamenting and enriching a surface.
plastic value — (1) creates the illusion of three dimensions on a flat surface; (2) three-dimensional art forms enhanced by value (architecture, sculpture, ceramics, etc.).
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shallow space — pertaining to pictorial depth and allowing only a slight or limited penetration behind the picture plane.
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value accent — an area of emphasis (usually small) caused by the introduction of value contrasts but not enough to make the area become dominant.
